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''Juniperus oxycedrus'' (prickly juniper, prickly cedar, cade cuniper and cade (from the French ''genévrier cade''), sharp cedar) is a species of juniper, native across the Mediterranean region from Morocco and Portugal, north to southern France, east to westernmost Iran, and south to Lebanon and Israel, growing on a variety of rocky sites from sea level up to 1600 m altitude.〔Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4〕 The specific epithet ''oxycedrus'' means "sharp cedar" and this species may have been the original cedar or ''cedrus'' of the ancient Greeks.〔Meiggs, R. 1982. Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World.〕 ==Description== The ''Juniperus oxycedrus'' tree is very variable in shape, forming a spreading shrub 2–3 m tall to a small erect tree 10–15 m tall. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, 5–20 mm long and 1–2 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is usually dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The seed cones are berry-like, green ripening in 18 months to orange-red with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 7–12 mm diameter, and have three or six fused scales in 1-2 whorls, three of the scales with a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard seeds in their droppings. The pollen cones are yellow, 2–3 mm long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in late winter or early spring.〔〔Adams, R. P. (2004). ''Junipers of the World''. Trafford. ISBN 1-4120-4250-X〕〔Arboretum de Villardebelle: (photos of cones and shoots )〕 As to be expected from the wide range, ''Juniperus oxycedrus'' is very variable. One recent study〔〔Adams, R. P. (2000). Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting. ''Biochem. Syst. Ecol''. 28: 515-528 (available online (pdf file) )〕〔Adams, R. P. (2004). Juniperus deltoides, a new species and nomenclatural notes on Juniperus polycarpos and J. turcomanica (Cupressaceae). ''Phytologia'' 86: 49 - 53 (available online (pdf file) )〕 splits it into three species, though other authorities〔 do not accept this: *''Juniperus oxycedrus'' L. - Western prickly juniper. Southwest Europe, in eastern Portugal and Spain east to southern France, northwest Italy, Corsica, and Sardinia, and northwest Africa from Morocco east to Tunisia. Leaves long (10–20 mm), narrow-based; cones smooth. *''Juniperus navicularis'' Gand. (syn. ''J. oxycedrus'' subsp. ''transtagana'') - Portuguese prickly juniper. Coastal southwest Portugal. Leaves short (5–12 mm); cones smooth. *''Juniperus deltoides'' R.P.Adams - Eastern prickly juniper. Central Italy east to Iran and Israel. Leaves long (10–20 mm), broad-based; cones with raised scale edges. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juniperus oxycedrus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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